Unit 9: Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry
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Lesson Plan: Q, K, and Le Châtelier Mark as Favorite (16 Favorites)
In this lesson students practice applying Q vs K as an explanatory tool in a simulation and demonstration. In both activities, students will consider how a change in concentration of one species subsequently effects all the species as equilibrium is reestablished.
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Lesson Plan: Exploration of Electrolytic Cells Mark as Favorite (17 Favorites)
In this lesson, students will build several electrolytic cells, discuss and diagram their cells to further their understanding of electrolysis, and use qualitative and quantitative analysis of the electrolysis of potassium iodide. Finally, students will practice and be assessed on their knowledge of electrolysis on AP exam-level questioning.
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Lesson Plan: Enthalpy and Entropy as Driving Forces Mark as Favorite (46 Favorites)
In this activity, students observe various chemical and physical processes to qualitatively predict and explain the signs of ∆S and ∆H. Based on their observations, they will predict the sign of ∆G and will determine the driving force of the process. Students will then calculate ∆S, ∆H and ∆G. This lesson focuses on thermochemical predictions, calculations and explanations.
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Lesson Plan: Relationship Between Free Energy and the Equilibrium Constant Mark as Favorite (17 Favorites)
In this lesson, students will explore the relationships between solubility and Keq (specifically Ksp), as well as Keq and ΔG°. First, a guided inquiry activity will introduce the relationship between standard free energy and equilibrium constant with the equation ΔG° = -RTlnKeq. Then data collection regarding solubility of potassium nitrate at various temperatures will lead to the calculation of Ksp and ΔGo for the dissolution reaction at those temperatures. Students will manipulate the equations ΔG° = -RTlnKeq and ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS° to derive a linear relationship between 1/T and lnKeq, which will then be graphed to determine values for ΔH° and ΔS°.
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Activity: Entropy Mark as Favorite (21 Favorites)
In this activity, students will define entropy and be able to recognize entropy changes in chemical reactions.
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Lesson Plan: Making Connections in Kinetics, Equilibrium and Thermochemistry Mark as Favorite (31 Favorites)
In this lesson students will understand the connections between the equilibrium constant (K) and the reaction quotient (Q) as well as how they determine the favorability of a reaction. Additionally students will be able to determine if a reaction is kinetically favored or thermodynamically favored.
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Activity: Connecting States to Entropy Mark as Favorite (14 Favorites)
In this activity, students use blocks to model different states of matter and the Kinetic Molecular Theory to understand the concept of entropy. This is a concept mandated by SAT level or AP level high school chemistry class.
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Activity: Simulation Activity: Non-Standard Galvanic Cells Mark as Favorite (11 Favorites)
In this activity, students will use a simulation to create a variety of non-standard condition galvanic/voltaic cells. This simulation allows students to choose the metal and solution for each half cell, as well as the concentration of those solutions. Students will build concentration cells and other non-standard cells and record the cell potential from the voltmeter. They will compare the results of different data sets, write net ionic equations, and describe electron flow through a galvanic/voltaic cell from anode to cathode as well as the direction of migration of ions, anions towards the anode and cations towards the cathode.
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Lab: Thermodynamics Escape Room Mark as Favorite (73 Favorites)
In this lab, students are presented with an escape room scenario that challenges them to complete three tasks in order to escape from an old, mysterious Gothic house. Students are given access to a small assortment of chemicals, and standard lab equipment. They must determine which chemicals and equipment will help them to light a tap light without touching it, free a key from a block of ice without using a conventional heat source, and free a lock that is buried in a pile of glue.
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Demonstration: Simple Kinetics Mark as Favorite (58 Favorites)
In this demonstration, students will see that different food dyes react with bleach at different rates.
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Lesson Plan: How Fuel Cells Work Mark as Favorite (7 Favorites)
In this lesson students will investigate how fuel cells provide energy in modern cars. Students will have the opportunity to explore redox reactions, through both an online animation and a simulation in order to understand the potential of a fuel cell.
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Lesson Plan: Galvanic Cell Exploration Mark as Favorite (13 Favorites)
In this lesson, students will build their understanding of redox reactions and galvanic cells. Using both a lab activity and an animated simulation, students will investigate these types of cells (and the redox reactions that drive them) at both a macroscopic and particle level to connect how particle-level interactions can explain macroscopic observations.
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Lab: Investigating Enthalpy and Entropy Mark as Favorite (55 Favorites)
In this lab, students will be able to observe and measure energy changes during the formation of solutions. The students should be able to explain and describe these changes in terms of entropy, enthalpy and free energy.
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Lesson Plan: How Far Can We Go? Mark as Favorite (8 Favorites)
In this lesson students compare energy densities of lead acid and lithium ion batteries to understand the relationship between electrochemical cell potentials and utilization of stored chemical energy.
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Lesson Plan: Recycling Copper from E-Waste Mark as Favorite (15 Favorites)
In this lesson, students will consider the need for innovative solutions to e-waste both from an environmental perspective as well as for the economic benefit to reclaiming raw materials from used electronic devices. They will then take on the role of an electroplate technician who is tasked with evaluating the effectiveness of a copper recycling process that uses electrolysis to purify and recover copper metal from e-waste. As e-waste is a relatively new—and growing—issue, it demonstrates how new industries can develop that utilize skills from existing jobs.
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Lab: Reactivity & Electrochemistry Mark as Favorite (14 Favorites)
In this lab, students will relate cell potential to the activity series.
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Lab: Four-Way Galvanic Cell Mark as Favorite (29 Favorites)
In this lab, students will build a simple galvanic cell to measure cell potential and will compare their data to theoretical calculations. Students will become more familiar with cells during this opportunity to investigate and compare numerous electrochemistry reactions.
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Lab: Electrolysis of Water Mark as Favorite (38 Favorites)
In this lab, students will perform the electrolysis of water using a battery, test tubes, thumbtacks, and a plastic cup.
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Activity: What Powers Your World? Mark as Favorite (12 Favorites)
In this activity, students will assess the battery power sources for electronic devices they use each day, and then relate the information to their study of oxidation-reduction reactions and electrochemistry.
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Activity: Simulation Activity: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells Mark as Favorite (48 Favorites)
In this activity, students will use a simulation to create a variety of galvanic/voltaic cells with different electrodes. They will record the cell potential from the voltmeter and will use their data to determine the reduction potential of each half reaction. Students will also identify anodes and cathodes, write half reaction equations and full chemical equations, and view what is happening in each half cell and the salt bridge on a molecular scale.
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Lesson Plan: AP Chemistry Experimental Evidence Review Mark as Favorite (47 Favorites)
In this lesson, students will evaluate data from 16 simulated lab experiments that were designed to mirror the Recommended Labs from the College Board. Corresponding lab experiments and demonstration options have also been included for teacher reference.
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Lesson Plan: AP Chemistry Big Idea Review Mark as Favorite (126 Favorites)
In this lesson, students will complete a review of all of the AP Chemistry Big Ideas and Learning Objectives using questions targeting each learning objective. This lesson is based on the AACT AP Chemistry Webinar series: What’s the Big Idea? Last Minute AP Chem Review and What’s the Big Idea? AP Chemistry Review Redux.
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Video: Hybrid and Electric Cars Video Mark as Favorite (11 Favorites)
This video explores the chemistry in the batteries that power hybrid and electric cars.
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Animation: Galvanic Cell Animation Mark as Favorite (45 Favorites)
This animation explores how a galvanic cell works on a particulate level. Copper and zinc are the chemicals depicted in the spontaneous reaction. The transfer of electrons and involvement of the salt bridge are highlighted, in addition to the half reactions that take place for Zn (Zn → Zn2+ + 2 e-) and Cu (2 e- + Cu2+ → Cu). **This video has no audio**
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Simulation: Galvanic/Voltaic Cells Mark as Favorite (85 Favorites)
In this simulation, students select different metals and aqueous solutions to build a galvanic/voltaic cell that generates electrical energy and observe the corresponding oxidation and reduction half reactions.
AP Units
- Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Properties
- Unit 2: Compound Structure and Properties
- Unit 3: Properties of Substances and Mixtures
- Unit 4: Chemical Reactions
- Unit 5: Kinetics
- Unit 6: Thermochemistry
- Unit 7: Equilibrium
- Unit 8: Acids and Bases
- Unit 9: Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry
- Post AP Exam Resources